All Roadmaps

Full Stack Developer

Own the entire product — from database design and REST APIs to React frontends, CI/CD pipelines, and production deployments.

The Full Stack Mindset
Internal

Understand what it means to own both frontend and backend — and how the two sides interact.

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How the Web Works

HTTP/HTTPS, DNS, TCP/IP, browser rendering, client-server model, request/response cycle.

Choosing Your Stack

MERN vs Next.js + PostgreSQL vs Laravel — trade-offs for different project types and team sizes.

Frontend: HTML, CSS & JavaScript

Strong frontend skills are the foundation. Master semantic HTML, modern CSS, and JavaScript deeply.

Semantic HTML & Accessibility

Document structure, forms, ARIA, keyboard navigation, WCAG basics.

CSS: Flexbox, Grid & Responsive

Flexbox, CSS Grid, media queries, CSS custom properties, Tailwind CSS utility classes.

JavaScript ES6+

Async/await, Promises, closures, modules, destructuring, event loop fundamentals.

Frontend Framework: React

The most in-demand UI library. Build component-driven UIs with hooks, state management, and routing.

React Hooks & Components

useState, useEffect, useContext, useReducer, custom hooks, component patterns.

Next.js App Router

Server Components, Client Components, data fetching, ISR/SSG/SSR, API routes, middleware.

Open
React Query / SWR

Server state management, caching, background re-fetch, optimistic updates, infinite scroll.

TypeScript for React

Typing props, events, hooks, context, generics — the standard for professional React codebases.

Backend: Node.js & REST APIs

Build the server side — REST APIs, authentication, middleware, and business logic in Node.js.

Node.js & Express

Event loop, middleware chain, routing, error handling, static files, environment variables.

Open
Authentication with JWT

JWT structure, sign/verify, access + refresh tokens, Passport.js, OAuth2 social login.

Input Validation & Error Handling

Zod / Joi schema validation, global error middleware, consistent API error format.

File Uploads & Storage

Multer for handling multipart, S3 / Cloudinary for storage, signed URLs for secure access.

Databases

Persist and query data efficiently. PostgreSQL for most apps, Redis for caching, MongoDB when schema flexibility matters.

PostgreSQL

Relational DB fundamentals, joins, indexes, transactions, JSONB, full-text search.

Prisma ORM

Type-safe DB access for Node.js/TypeScript. Schema, migrations, relations, raw queries.

Open
Redis

Caching, session storage, rate limiting, pub/sub for real-time features.

Authentication & Security

Implement auth correctly and protect your application from the most common vulnerabilities.

Auth Flows

Email/password, OAuth2 (Google, GitHub), magic links, WebAuthn passkeys. NextAuth.js.

OWASP Basics

SQLi, XSS, CSRF, SSRF — understand the top web vulnerabilities and how to prevent them.

Open
HTTPS & Security Headers

HSTS, CSP, X-Frame-Options, helmet.js — make your app hardened by default.

DevOps & Deployment

Ship your full stack app to production — containers, CI/CD, and cloud hosting.

Docker & Docker Compose

Containerise your app and dependencies. Multi-stage builds, docker-compose for local dev.

GitHub Actions CI/CD

Lint, test, build, and deploy on every merge. Secrets, environment protection rules.

Hosting: Vercel + Railway / Render

Frontend on Vercel (edge), backend on Railway or Render, DB on Supabase or PlanetScale.

Real-Time Features
Optional

Add live notifications, chat, and collaborative features with WebSockets and SSE.

Optional WebSockets with Socket.io

Bidirectional real-time communication. Rooms, namespaces, reconnection, scaling with Redis adapter.

Open
Optional Server-Sent Events (SSE)

One-way real-time from server to client — simpler than WebSockets for notifications and live feeds.