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Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Manage infrastructure through code — reproducible, versioned, auditable. Terraform is the gold standard.

Infrastructure as Code means defining servers, databases, networks, and all cloud resources in code.

Terraform:
- Providers (AWS, GCP, Azure, Kubernetes)
- Resources and Data Sources
- Variables, Outputs, Locals
- Modules (reusable components)
- Remote State (S3 + DynamoDB locking)
- Terraform Cloud / Atlantis for team workflows
- Import existing infrastructure

Ansible (Configuration Management):
- Playbooks and Roles
- Inventory management
- Idempotent tasks
- Vault for secrets

Pulumi (IaC in real languages like TypeScript, Python).